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ABB SYNCHROTACT®5 Operating Instructions

General information

1.1 Introduction

This User Manual is aimed at persons who have a basic knowledge of working with

electronic equipment, who understand electrical symbols in schematic diagrams, but

who know little or nothing about working with SYNCHROTACT 5 equipment.

The User Manual provides the information required in order to install, commission and

operate the SYNCHROTACT 5 device of types SYN 5201 and SYN 5202.

1.2 Marking of text sections

General warning

This symbol placed before the text indicates situations or conditions which can cause a

risk of death or serious injury. The text describes the procedure for preventing these

risks.

Dangerous voltages

This symbol indicates that, when handling the equipment, dangerous voltages occur

which can cause death or serious injury.

The sections of text marked with "Caution" contain information on situations which can

lead to material damage or equipment failure if the instructions are disregarded.

The sections of text marked with "Note" provide additional information. This must be

taken into consideration in order to prevent malfunctions.

Caution

Note

1.3 Purpose and use of the SYN 5201 and SYN 5202

The digital synchronizer can be used for the following applications:

• For automatic synchronization and paralleling of generators

• For automatic paralleling of synchronous and asynchronous lines, transmission lines

and busbars (incl. tap-changer matching).

• As a paralleling monitoring device (synchrocheck) for monitoring automatic or manual paralleling sequences including dead bus.

Brief description

The SYNCHROTACT 5 digital synchronizer is used for automatic synchronizing and

paralleling of generators with lines and for the paralleling of already synchronous lines.

The device is designed for system frequencies of either 50/60 Hz or 16 2

/3 Hz.

SYN 5201 is a single-channel synchronizing device whose component choice and

software design provides the highest security against incorrect paralleling.

SYN 5202 consists of two independent channels with different hardware and software.

This dual-channel property maximizes security against incorrect paralleling.

All parameters required for paralleling are stored in a parameter set. The paralleling

conditions and the characteristics of the voltage and frequency matchers are defined in

this set. With the option providing seven parameter sets, paralleling can be carried out

under different conditions or with different matcher characteristics using the same

device. Seven configurable digital inputs and outputs are available for the selection and

back indication of a parameter set.

The data which are important for commissioning and for control purposes can be

uploaded or downloaded using the PC tool SynView or, alternatively, via the keypad on

the front panel of the unit.

The following measured variables are generated from the two single-phase measuring

voltages:

Voltage U1, U2

U1 is the reference voltage e.g. line

U2 is the adjustable voltage e.g. generator.

Frequency f1, f2

f1 is the reference frequency

f2 is the adjustable frequency.

Voltage difference ΔU

ΔU = IU1I – IU2I

ΔU > 0 Adjustable voltage is lower

ΔU < 0 Adjustable voltage is higher

Slip s %100*121fs ff − =

s > 0 Adjustable frequency is less (e.g. generator is sub-synchronous)

s < 0 Adjustable frequency is greater (e.g. generator is oversynchronous)

Phase-angle difference α

21 ϕ ϕ α −=

α > 0 Adjustable frequency is lagging

α < 0 Adjustable frequency is leading

Acceleration ds/dt

[ ]ss dtdsxxx /%*2/

561∑==Δ=

(Every 0.5 s, an average value is formed from 56 measurements; sampling period: 9 ms)

ds/dt > 0 Adjustable frequency is reduced (e.g. generator accelerates)

ds/dt < 0 Adjustable frequency increases (e.g. generator is slowed down)

With SYN 5202, the measurement is carried out separately for each channel. It is

possible to carry out three-phase measurements in order to detect connection faults

(rotary field, polarity) and losses of phase.

Voltage measurement (SYN 5202: channel 1)

The two input voltages U1 and U2 are passed to the processor via high-impedance input

resistors, differential amplifiers, low-pass filters and A/D converters.

Voltage measurement channel 2 (SYN 5202 only)

The two input voltages U1 and U2 are passed through high-impedance input resistors

and differential amplifiers. The signal for the amplitude value is formed from this by

conversion and filtering . For zero-passage detection, the signal is filtered and passed

through a comparator. The signals prepared in this way are passed to the processor via

the A/D converter.

SYN 5201

SYN 5202

Frequency matcher with variable intervals

The function INVERSE f changes the way the frequency matcher functions. The pulses

are now always the same length, but the intervals are inversely proportional to the slip.

Pulse length: adjustable by means of the parameter tp fmin: tp = tp fmin

Pause interval: is calculated according to the following formula (can not be set as a

parameter):

2.2.3 Monitoring of paralleling conditions

The monitoring of the paralleling conditions can be divided into these parallel-functioning

blocks:

• voltage-carrying lines

• no-voltage lines

Paralleling of two voltage-carrying lines

The monitoring of the paralleling conditions enables a paralleling command (CHK

RELEASE) if the following conditions are fulfilled simultaneously:

• the phase-angle difference is within the tolerance band

• the slip is within the tolerance band

• the voltage difference is within the tolerance band

• the voltage does not fall below minimum voltage

• the maximum voltage is not exceeded

• the device is in operating status (OPERATING)

• nominal frequency deviation ≤ 5 Hz

Paralleling of no-voltage lines (dead bus)

A special case for the monitoring is the paralleling of no-voltage lines. A paralleling

command release is only issued if the external release signal is active and the

measuring logic enables the release at the same time. The release by the measuring

logic can be enabled if both voltages are within one of the permitted ranges. The dead

bus range can be defined as permissible for one, the other or both measuring voltages

by means of the parameters U1not, U2not and 1*2not.

The monitoring of the paralleling conditions (CHK RELEASE) releases the paralleling

command if the following conditions are fulfilled simultaneously:

• the releasing signal for dead bus (digital input) is issued

• the zero voltage(s) does not exceed the set threshold U0max

• the current voltage does not fall below the minimum voltage

• the current voltage does not exceed the maximum voltage

• the current zero voltage situation corresponds to a configuration permitted by means

of U1not, U2not, 1*2not

• the device is in Operating status (OPERATING)

2.2.4 Command generation

The command generation makes a distinction between asynchronous and synchronous

sources or no-voltage lines. Two modes, one for asynchronous and one for synchronous

sources, run in parallel, so that a source can be asynchronous or synchronous at any

time. The paralleling command is issued in the mode in which all conditions are fulfilled

first.

In SYN 5202 the actuation of the paralleling relays takes place separately in both

channels.

Asynchronous sources

It is called asynchronous sources, if the two lines to be paralleled (or generator and line)

are asynchronous before the circuit breaker is closed.

From the slip s, the acceleration ds/dt, the line frequency f1 and the set paralleling time

t on, the command generation calculates the necessary lead angle αv by which the

paralleling command is shifted forward in time so that the main contacts close exactly on

phase coincidence (see following figure)

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