Tektronix 5440 oscilloscope



Tektronix 5440 oscilloscope

Overview of Instrument Core

(1) Hardware structure

Plugin compartment: There are a total of 3 compartments that can accommodate 5000 series plugins (without N suffix plugins supporting display readings), 2 vertical compartments (left and middle) for amplifier plugins, and 1 horizontal compartment (right) for time base plugins. The combination of plugins determines the functionality of the measurement system.

Key controls:

Display related: INTENSITY adjusts the brightness of the trajectory, READOUT INTENS only adjusts the brightness of the reading part (the reading system fails when counterclockwise to the bottom), FOCUS controls for clear display, and BEAM FINDER compresses the trajectory to the scale range.

Power supply and calibration: The power switch (POWER) controls the power on/off, and the internal calibrator (CALIBRATOR LOOP) provides a square wave signal with a voltage of 400mV (± 1%) and a current of 4mA (± 1%), with a frequency of twice the power supply frequency, for calibration and probe compensation.

External interface: EXT INTENSITY INPUT interface receives Z-axis modulation signals (DC coupling,+5V enhanced brightness, -5V reduced brightness, maximum safe input ± 50V, frequency range DC to 2MHz).

(2) Core functions

Display mode:

Alternate mode: The time base plugin display switch pops up and switches between the activated plugin/channel with each CRT scan, suitable for high-frequency signals.

Chop mode: When the time base plugin display switch is pressed, it electronically switches between channels at a rate of 100kHz, suitable for displaying low-frequency signals or single event phenomena.

X-Y operation: Install 5A series amplifiers or 5B series time base plugins with amplifier channels in the horizontal cabin to receive X signals, and 5A series amplifiers in the vertical cabin to receive Y signals, achieving signal comparison display.

Grating display: Both the left vertical cabin and the horizontal cabin are equipped with 5B series time base plugins. The scanning speed of the vertical cabin is slower than that of the horizontal cabin, and brightness modulation is achieved through EXT INTENSITY INPUT, which can simulate TV display.

Reading System: Only supports 5400 series plugins, displaying alphanumeric information in real-time with analog waveforms on CRT. Each plugin's reading occupies a fixed position (channel 1 is indexed at the top, channel 2 is indexed at the bottom), displaying up to 6 readings (option 3 can select 8 readings). The reading interruption waveform display is only about 20 microseconds/character.

Operation Guide

(1) First operation process (19 steps in total, with the following key steps)

Plug in preparation: Install 5A series amplifier plugs in the left/middle vertical cabin and 5B series time base plugs in the horizontal cabin.

Power connection: After confirming the operating voltage, turn off the power switch and connect a power source that meets the voltage/frequency requirements.

Initial setup:

Amplifier plugin: Display on, center position, CH1 Volts/Div set as needed, CH1 Variable Volts/Div clockwise to the end (Cal), CH1 Input Coupling set to DC, mode set to CH1.

Time base plugin: Display alternately (button pops up), center position, Main Sec/Div set to 5ms, Variable Seconds/Div clockwise to the end (Cal), Swp Mag turned off (button pops up), Main Trig Level counterclockwise to the end, trigger source selected to the left (or center, if the amplifier is in the middle compartment), coupled with Auto Trig, AC Couple,+Slope, mode set to Main Sweep.

Calibration check: Connect the probe/test line to the calibrator, adjust the trigger level to obtain stable display, check the waveform amplitude (4 divisions) and cycle (6 complete cycles, 5 cycles for 50Hz power supply), and recalibrate if abnormal.

(2) Basic measurement methods

Calculation formula/explanation for key steps of measurement type

AC peak to peak voltage: 1. The vertical plug-in input coupling is set to Gnd, and AC is set after receiving the signal; 2. Volts/Div is set to display 5-6 vertical divisions, and Variable Volts/Div is set to Cal; 3. Adjust the trigger to obtain stable display, and measure the vertical division of peak values; 4. Result=Division value × Volts/Div × Probe attenuation ratio (if any) Example: 4.6 Division value × 5V/Div=23V

DC instantaneous voltage: 1. The vertical plug-in input coupling is set to Gnd, and the trajectory is positioned to the reference line (such as the bottom part degree, negative voltage is used at the top); 2. After receiving the signal, set the DC and measure the vertical division between the reference line and the measurement point; 3. Result=division value x Volts/Div x probe attenuation ratio (if any), polarity determined by waveform position (+input and waveform is positive on the reference line) Example: 4.6 division x 2V/Div=+9.2V

Time cycle 1. Connect the signal, select AC/DC coupling, set Volts/Div to display 4 divisions; 2. Adjust the trigger to obtain stable display, set Sec/Div to 1 cycle display<8 divisions; 3. Measure the horizontal division of two points (Variable Sec/Div at Cal); 4. Result=Division value x Sec/Div Example: 5 divisions x 0.1ms/Div=0.5ms

Frequency 1. Obtain the period (T) by measuring the time period method; 2. Frequency=1/T Example: Period 0.5ms, Frequency=1/0.5ms=2kHz

Rising time (10% -90% point) 1. Connect the signal, set Volts/Div and Variable to display 5 vertical divisions; 2. Adjust the trigger to obtain stable display, set Sec/Div to 10% -90% point display<8 divisions; 3. Measure the horizontal division of two points; 4. Result=Division value x Sec/Div Example: 4 divisions x 1 μ s/Div=4 μ s

Specification parameters

1: Vertical amplifier specifications

Additional information on characteristic performance requirements

Bandwidth (6-degree reference) DC to at least 85MHz (067-0680-00 calibration fixture); DC to at least 50MHz (calibrated 5A48)-

Rise time (6 divisions reference) 7ns or less (calibrated 5A48)-

Distortion (6-degree reference) 5% or less (067-0680-00 calibration fixture); 4% or less (calibrated 5A48)-

The influence of position on distortion ± step response signal deviation does not exceed ± 5% (trajectory deviation from the center of the scale does not exceed 1 division)-

Within ± 0.5 divisions of the center of the vertical center scale-

Delay line length 140ns-

Chopping rate 50kHz (+50% -30%), conducting in 3 μ s and turning off in 2 μ s-

Alternating rate: scan every two times-

Table 2: Specifications of Horizontal Amplifier and Z-axis Amplifier

Performance requirements for amplifier type characteristics

Horizontal amplifier bandwidth DC to at least 2MHz (8-division signal reference); At least 20kHz at the low frequency end

The Z-axis amplifier inputs a voltage of+5V to switch the CRT beam from off to on; -5V switches the beam from on to off

Available frequency range DC to 2MHz

Input impedance (resistance) 10k Ω

Table 3: Power, Environment, and Physical Specifications

Category Characteristics Performance Requirements

Power input voltage (RMS) nominal 100V, 110V, 120V, 200V

Input frequency adapted to standard power frequency

Maximum 100W at 120V AC and 60Hz input power

Fuse 120V AC with 1.25A slow melting; 240V AC with 0.7A slow melting

Environmental working temperature: 0 ° C to+50 ° C

Storage temperature -40 ° C to+70 ° C

Working altitude up to 15000 feet

Storage altitude up to 50000 feet

Physical weight 25lbs (11kg)

Panel and shell anodized aluminum panel (gray vinyl coated frame), blue vinyl coated shell

Scale dial 8 × 10 divisions, 1.22cm/division, standard white internal scale line, optional black

Installation and maintenance

(1) Rack installation

Requirement: Suitable for 19 inch standard racks (Universal, EIA, RETMA, Western Electric hole positions), with a minimum vertical space of 5-1/4 inches and an additional 1/4 inch heat dissipation space above and below; Front rail spacing ≥ 17-5/8 inches (unthreaded) or 17-3/4 inches (tapped); The gap between the rear and the rack enclosure is ≥ 2 inches.

Sliding rail installation: The sliding rail is divided into left and right components (marked LH/RH), with the fixed section installed on the front and rear rails of the rack, the chassis section pre installed with instruments, and the middle section connecting the two; During installation, it is necessary to align horizontally to avoid exchanging left and right (which may cause the safety lock to fail and cause the instrument to slide). The front panel needs to be fixed with 10-32 screws (the rack needs to correspond to the hole position).

Maintenance: The slide rail does not require lubrication, and the dark coating on the sliding parts is permanently lubricated.

(2) Plugin installation and maintenance

Installation: Align the upper and lower slots of the plug-in with the cabin guide rail, and push it into the lock; It can be plugged and unplugged with power, without filling all cabins, only installing the required measuring plugs is needed.

Calibration: After the display unit is calibrated according to the instructions, the vertical/horizontal gain is standardized. The plug-in can be interchanged between cabins without the need for readjustment, but the basic calibration of the plug-in itself needs to be checked to ensure measurement accuracy (refer to the plug-in manual).

(3) Safety regulations

Maintenance safety: Only qualified personnel are allowed to carry out repairs, and individual repairs are prohibited (emergency personnel must be provided); Live maintenance should avoid touching exposed connections/components, and disconnect the power supply before dismantling panels, welding, or replacing components.

Power safety: The power supply must meet the RMS voltage between phase lines and between phase lines and ground ≤ 250V, and the grounding conductor of the power line must be reliably grounded.

Performance check

(1) Testing equipment requirements (key equipment as follows)

Equipment Name Performance Requirements Application Scenarios

DC voltmeter range 0-200V (accuracy 0.1%); 0-3000V (accuracy 1%) low/high voltage power supply inspection and adjustment

Calibration generator amplitude calibration 10mV-1V (accuracy ± 0.25%, 1M Ω load), square wave output gain inspection and adjustment

Timing generator outputs 5ns and 10ns markers (accuracy ± 1%) for scanning timing inspection (5ns, 10ns)

5A48 amplifier plug-in bandwidth DC to 500MHz, display mode CH1 vertical/horizontal system adjustment

5B42 time base plugin scanning speed of at least 10ns/div scanning timing inspection and adjustment

(2) Key inspection items

Trajectory alignment: Horizontal trajectories are aligned with the center horizontal scale line, and vertical trajectories are aligned with the center vertical scale line, with an error of ≤ 0.1 divisions.

Geometric shape: Trajectory curvature/inclination ≤ 0.1 divisions, angle between vertical and horizontal trajectories 90 °± 0.7 °.

Vertical performance:

Gain: Input 1kHz square wave, display 5V reference signal, vertical deflection of 5 divisions ± 0.15 divisions (± 3%).

Bandwidth: Input a 50kHz sine wave, display 6 divisions, increase the frequency until the amplitude drops to 4.2 divisions, and the frequency needs to be ≥ 50MHz (5A48 plugin).

Horizontal performance:

Gain: Input 1kHz square wave, display 5V reference signal, horizontal deviation of 5 divisions ± 0.15 divisions.

Bandwidth: Input a 50kHz sine wave, display 6 divisions, increase the frequency until the amplitude drops to 4.2 divisions, and the frequency needs to be ≥ 2MHz.

Reading system: In dual track mode, readings are displayed at the top/bottom of the CRT without overlap, corresponding to Volts/Div and Sec/Div settings; When CAL controls counterclockwise rotation, the ">" symbol is displayed on the left side of the reading.